Références

... Mîn us but little regarding the science of the Babylonians, though his observations on their practical civilization give us incidental references of no small importance. Somewhat more detailed references to the scientific attainments of the Babylonians are found in the fragments that have come down to us of the writings of the great Babylonian historian, Berosus ,[ 3] who was born in Babylon about 330 B. C ., and who was, therefore, a contemporary of Alexander the Great. But the ...

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... . Yet he cites or quotes from about four thousand works, most of which are known to us only by his references. Doubtless Pliny added much through his own observations. We know how keen was his desire to investigate, since he lost his life through attempting to approach the crater of Vesuvius on the occasion of that memorable eruption which buried the cities of Herculaneum and Pompeii. Doubtless the wandering life of the soldier had given Pliny abundant opportunity for personal observation in ...

... dormions whether be intended any impropriety, inasmuch as be all along is sedulous in his references to his predecessor. Indeed, his work might almost be called an exposition of the astronomical doctrines of Hipparchus. No one pretends that Ptolemy is to be compared with the Rhodesian observer as an original investigator, but as a popular expounder his superiority is evidenced in the fact that the writings of Ptolemy became practically the sole astronomical text-book of the Middle Ages both in the ...

... , that in Bacon ' s time gunpowder was known to the Arabs, so that it should not be surprising to find references made to it in Bacon ' s work, since there is reason to believe that he constantly consulted Arabian writings. The great merit of Bacon ' s work, however, depends on the principles taught as regards experiment and the observation of nature, rather than on any single invention. He had the all-important idea of breaking with ...

... vagueness in the minds of the Chaldeans themselves. So far as we can interpret the somewhat mystical references that have come down to us, however, the Babylonian cosmology would seem to have represented the earth as a circular plane surrounded by a great circular river, beyond which rose an impregnable barrier of mountains, and resting upon an infinite sea of waters. The material vault of the heavens was supposed to find support upon the outlying circle of mountains. But the precise ...

... Amic age were more concerned with metaphysical speculations than with more tangible things. But as far as the fragmentary references to the ideas of Parmenides may be accepted, they do not support the idea of the earth ' s motion. Indeed, Parmenides is made to say explicitly, in preserved fragments, that" the world is immovable, limited, and spheroidal in form ."[ 8] Nevertheless, some modern interpreters have found an opposite meaning in Parmenides. Thus Ritter interprets ...

... a été réuni à l ' initiative de l ' équipe Philosophie politique contemporaine (CNRS, ENS Lettres et sciences humaines ). Ses principaux apports sont ici regroupés. Divers points de vue, approches, références disciplinaires sont confrontés, cherchant à couvrir le spectre des variations touchant aux contours du concept de peuple et aux diverses figures qui ont pu lui être assignées. Une partie des contributions éclaire les principes qui ont présidé à la formation historique de la notion, en relation avec ...

... emanaient to us, enabling us to judge at first hand as to part of his doctrines; while still more is known through the references made to him by Plato, Aristotle, and other commentators. Empedocles was a poet whose verses stood the test of criticism. In this regard he is in a like position with Parmenides; but in neither case are the preserved fragments sufficient to enable us fully to estimate their author ' s scientific attainments. Philosophical writings are obscure ...

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